The early practitioners of kung-fu were very close to nature and studied the ways that different animals defended themselves. Often the' kung-fu stylist would imitate certain movements or breathing patterns used by the animals, to enhance their kung-fu. These movements were practiced and passed on in predetermined patterns of movement that served as a catalog of movement within that style. These forms are known as kuens (kata in Japanese).
One of kung-fu’s greatest challenges is to create, through practice, the flawless execution of these fighting forms. The forms remain popular due both to their gracefulness and their proficiency in martial application.
Because human body structure varies greatly fran that of the animals, merely imitating the movements is not sufficient. Only by carefully converting the animals fighting principles into human requirements can they become truly effective. In addition, try to become as one with the animal mentally when doing the form, to fully comprehend its concepts and perception.
The dragon is representative of the mind and spirit aspect of kung-fu. It is said that a dragon can move so lightly and swiftly as to ride the winds, or become so heavy as to not be moved by a giant. With a roar the dragon can cause the mountains to tremble, and shake the earth below with a stamp of his foot.
The tiger is known for its fearlessness and awesome power. By setting aside fear and focusing only upon destruction of the opponent, the tiger accepts nothing but complete victory.
The crane is known for gracefulness and fluidity of motion. A crane always appears serene and calm, completely at one with its surroundings.
The leopard is speed and precession with every move he makes. Being a night hunter, he strikes out of no-where, unseen until the last second.
The snake has no limbs and therefore must be able to move away from a threat with little effort. Minimized movement and chi are learned from the snake, in addition to precession striking.
The eagle for its agility and claw strength, the monkey for its evasiveness and trickery, and the mantis for its patience, cunning and strategy have also become part of the Black Dragon style.